Proteomics * in Bladder Cancer Research : Protein Profiling of Bladder Squamous Cell Carcinomas
نویسندگان
چکیده
Bladder cancer comprises a broad spectrum of tumors that includes transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs), squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), adenocarcinomas, small cell carcinomas, and leiomyomas (Pauli et al. 1983). TCCs are by far the most prevalent tumors and represent nearly 90% of all bladder cancers in the Western Hemisphere. SCCs, on the other hand, encompass a small percentage (2–3%) of all bladder lesions diagnosed in Europe and America, but are very frequent (80%) in areas of Africa and the Middle East where Schistosoma haematobium, a parasite that induces bladder SCCs in humans, is prevalent (El-Bolkainy 1983). SCCs often arise in patients who have a history of many years of chronic inflammation, keratinizing squamous metaplasia, and bladder stones. SCCs are highly malignant and the success of treatment relies heavily on early detection.
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